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"Oakmoss lichen" (Evernia prunastri) on a an oak twig, northwestern California. This species is harvested commercially in south-central Europe, and then sent to France where it is used in the manufacture of fine perfumes. The lichen acts as a fixative for other scents, and also adds a subtle herbal fragrance of its own.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Photograph copyright Stephen/Sylvia Sharnoff